Transformation of Sentences

Transformation of Sentences

Rule-1: Sentences having universal values, habitual facts and historical facts must follow the meaning of the sentences before changing from one to another.

Example: Man is mortal. (Negative)

= Man is not immortal.

Or, No man is immortal.

He is wise. (Negative)

= He is not unwise.

Exercise:

The boy is active. (Negative)

The wind is favorable. (Negative)

Rice grows in hot climate. (Negative)

Rule-2:Sometimes there is no ………, butcan help us to make a sentence negative.

Example: A mother loves her child. (Negative)

= There is no mother but loves her child.

Everybody likes her flowers. (Negative)

= There is nobody but likes flowers.

Everybody has some needs. (Negative)

= There is nobody but has some needs.

Rule-3: If any affirmative sentence starts with “every” and if the verb of that sentence can be changed, “no” can be used instead of “every”.

Example: Every man must fall prey to death. (Negative)

No man can avoid death.

or,  There is no man but must fall prey to death.

Or, There is no man who will not fall prey to death.

Everyone will admit that he did the best. (Negative)

NO will deny that he did the best.

Everyone loves flowers. (Negative)

No one hates flowers.

Everybody is needy. (Negative)

Nobody is self-sufficient.

Rule-4: Some affirmative can be changed into negative by only changing adverb.

Example: He acted wisely. (Negative)

He did not act foolishly.

She believed it strongly. (Negative)

She did not believe it weekly.

Rule -5: “Always” in affirmative will change into “never” in negative sentence and the verb, noun or an adjective of that sentence must change to make the affirmative to negative.

Example: I should always speak the truth. (Negative)

I should never tell a lie.

He is always reasonable. (Negative)

He is never unreasonable.

Rule-6: When an affirmative starts with “as soon as”, to make it negative No sooner had will be used instead of “as soon as”.

Example: As soon as I arrived home, it began to rain. (Negative)

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

As soon as she heard the news, she started weeping. (Negative)

No sooner had she heard the news, she started weeping.

As soon as I wanted to catch the bird, it flew away. (Negative)

Rule-7: If an affirmative sentence starts with “all”, to make negative “no” is used and adjective and verb must change.

All men here are poor. (Negative)

No men here are rich.

All must submit to destiny. (Negative)

No one can escape his or her destiny.

All but he have passed. (Negative)

No one but he has failed.

Rule-8: If “all” does not work as subject of the sentence in affirmative, “cannot but” is used to make the sentence in negative.

Example: We (all) must do it. (Negative)

We cannot but do it.

We must do it. (Negative)

We cannot but die.

You must listen to your teacher. (Negative)

We cannot but listen to your teacher.

Rule-10: If two subjects, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases and clauses are connected with and in affirmative sentence, not only …………. but also is used to make the sentence into negative.

Example: Rahim and Karim went there. (Negative)

Not only Rahim but also Karim went there.

He ate Biriani and plain rice. (Negative)

He not only ate Biriani but also plain rice.

In my native village I played with my friends and caught fishes in the river. (Negative)

In my native village I not only played with my friends but also caught fishes in the river.

Rule:-11: If only comes in an affirmative sentence at the beginning, none but is used to make the very sentence negative.

Example: Only God can help us. (Negative)

None but God can help us.

Only the prepared man meets with fortune. (Negative)

None but the prepared man meets with fortune.

Only a guilty man should be punished. (Negative)

None but a guilty man should be punished.

Rule-12: If affirmative comes with word “always”, to make the sentence negative “never” is used and verb, noun and adjective must be changed.

Example: He is alwayssick. (Negative)

He is never well.

Jessica always forgets things. (Negative)

Jessica never can remember things.

The new prime minister is always dead against smoking. (Negative)

The new prime minister is never interested in smoking.

Rule-13: If the affirmative sentence comes with “sometimes”, “not always” is used to make the very sentence into negative.

Example: Mr. Mobarak sometimes smokes. (Negative)

Mr. Mobarakdoes not always smoke.

A scholar is also sometimes wrong. (Negative)

A scholar is also not always right.

The rich are sometimes happy. (Negative)

The rich are not always happy/sad.

Rule-14: If an affirmative sentence comes with many, in negative it will be (not) a few and if affirmative comes with a few, in negative it will be (not) many. Simultaneously, a littleor much will be (not) much or (not) a little in negative sentence.

Example: There are many people here. (Negative)

There are not a few people here.

I want much milk. (Negative)

I do not want a little milk.

We sold a little honey. (Negative)

We did not sell much honey.

Rule-15: If the affirmative comes with “for the last time”, “never” will be used instead offor the last time in negative sentence.

Example: I come here for the last time. (Negative)

I shall never come here.

I saw him for the last time then. (Negative)

I have never seen him since then.

Rule-16: If an affirmative sentence comes withforever or for good, never is used in to make sentence negative. Besides, verb must be changed in a way so that it gives completely different meaning.

Example: He has left the village forever. (Negative)

He will never come to the village again.

They have sold the house for good. (Negative)

They will never buy or repurchase the house.

Negative to Affirmative

Rule-17: If a negative sentence starts with There is no, every will be used to make it affirmative and but will not be used. Besides, if there is a clause in negative sentence, the predicate part of the sentence will remain.

Example: There is no mother but loves her child. (Affirmative)

Every mother loves her child.

There is nobody but has some needs. (Affirmative)

Everybody has some needs.

There is nobody but will admit that he did the best. (Affirmative)

Everybody will admit that he did the best.

Assertive to Interrogative

Rule-18: If assertive sentence comes with everyone/everybody+ verb, to turn into interrogative we need to use who+(Aux.verb)+not verb.

Example: Everyone likes flowers. (Interrogative)

Who does not like flowers?

Everybody has some needs. (Interrogative)

Who has no needs?

Everybody is greedy? (Interrogative)

Who is not greedy?

Everybody has some desire. (Interrogative)

Who has no desire? Or,

Who does not have any desire?

Rule-19: If an assertive sentence comes with nobody, none and no one, to make it interrogativewho will be used instead of does not.

Example: No body trusts a liar. (Interrogative)

Who trusts a liar?

None can help us. (Interrogative)

Who can help us?

No one has everything. (Interrogative)

Who has everything?

Rule-20: If interrogative comes with auxiliary verb (have, can, do, does, did, shall, will etc.), and it the sentence is assertive, to make it interrogative the sentence must be negative.

Example: He is a good man. (Interrogative)

Is he not a good man?

It is the 21^st century running. (Interrogative)

Is it not the 21^st century running?

The earth goes round the sun. (Interrogative)

Does the earth not go around the sun?

Rule-21: If an assertive sentence has/comes with “nothing”, “anything” will be used to make it interrogative.

Example: There is nothing on the table. (Interrogative)

Is there anything on the table?

I know nothing about it. (Interrogative)

Is there anything about it?

There is nothing better than honesty. (Interrogative)

Is there anything better than honesty?

Rule-22: If an assertive sentence comes with “nothing but”, “but” or “anything but” will be used to make it interrogative. “What” will be used to make it interrogative if only “but’’ is used in the interrogative sentence.

Example: Our life is nothing but a walking shadow. (Interrogative)

Is our life anything but a walking shadow?

Or, What is our life but a walking shadow?

It was nothing but a deceit. (Interrogative)

Was it anything but a deceit?

Or, What was it but a deceit?

He bought nothing but an apple. (Interrogative)

Did he buy anything but an apple?

Or, what did he buy anything but an apple?

It is of no use now. (Interrogative)

Of what use is it now?

Assertive to Exclamatory

Rule-1:

How +Adj+NP+am/is/are/was/were!

She is very beautiful. (Exclamatory)

How beautiful she is!

He is very tall. (Exclamatory)

How tall he is!

Rule-2:

How +Adj+a/am+NP+NP+am/is/are!

He is a very handsome boy. (Exclamatory)

How handsome a boy he is!

Mr. Harvey is a very wise man. (Exclamatory)

How wise a man Mr. Harvey is!

Rule-3:

How+Adj.+the+NP+be!

The bird is very nice. (Exclamatory)

How nice the bird is!

Mr. Roney is very smart. (Exclamatory)

How smart Mr. Roney is!

Rule-4:

How+Adv.+NP+V!

The cat runs very swiftly. (Exclamatory)

How swiftly the cat runs!

The man talks very smartly. (Exclamatory)

How smartly the man talks!

Rule-5:

Had/Were+NP+NP!

I wish I had the wings of a dove. (Exclamatory)

Had I the wings of a dove!

I wish I were a king. (Exclamatory)

Were I a King!

Positive to Comparative to Superlative (Vice Versa)

v  

Pos.: No other boy in the class is a good as Rohan.

Comp.: Rohan is better than any other boy in the class.

Sup.: Rohan is the best boy in the class.

Pos.: No other student in class vi is as attentive as Arnib.

Com.: Arnib is more attentive than any other student in class vi.

Sup.: Arnib is the most attentive student in class vi.

Pos.: No other girl in the school is as fast as Mishuri in terms of running a race.

Com.: Mishuri is faster than any other girl in the village in terms of running a race.

Sup.: Mishuri is the fastest girl in the village in terms of running a race.

v  

Com.:  Rock is more talented than John Cina.

Pos.: John Cina is not as talented as Rock.

Com.: Sea is wider than ariver.

Pos.: A river is not so wide as a Sea.

Com.: This box is heavier than that.

Pos.: That box is not as heavy as this.

Com.: My table is as large as yours.

Pos.: Your table is not as large as mine.

Com.: Akbar wasas strong as a tiger.

Pos.: A tiger was not stronger than Akbar.

v  

Sup.: English is one of the best languages of the world.

Com.: English is better than many other languages of the world.

Pos.: Very few languages in the world are as good as English.

Sup.: Rabindranath is one of the most famous poets in the world.

Com.: Rabindranath is more famous than many other poets in the world.

Pos.: Very few poets in the world are as famous as Rabindranath.

Sup.:  Oedipus Rex is one the most tragic novels in the world literature.

Com.: Oedipus Rex is more tragic than any othernovels in the world literature.

Pos.: Very few novels are as tragic as Oedipus Rex in the world literature.

Simple to Complex

v 

Simple: I know his name.

Complex: I know what his name is.

Simple: Tell me the address of the man.

Complex: Tell me what the address of the man is.

Simple: I like the poems of Nazrul.

Complex: I like the poems which are written by Nazrul.

Simple: Explain me the cause.

Complex: Explain what the cause is.

v  

Simple: I know his birth place.

Complex: I know where he was born.

Simple: I know his birthday.

Complex: I know when he was born.

Simple: I know the time of his arrival.

Complex: I know when he will arrive.

Simple: I cannot tell the time of his coming.

Complex: I cannot tell when he will come.

v  

Simple: He is too weak to walk.

Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Simple: He is too foolish to understand it.

Complex: He is so foolish that he cannot understand it.

Simple: This man is too dishonest to speak the truth.

Complex: This man is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth.

Simple: Dhaka is too small a city for so many people to live in.

Complex: Dhaka is so small a city for so many people to live in.

v  

      Simple: Going to market, he bought a pen.

            Complex: When he went to market, he bought a pen.

Simple: Singing a song, she wanted some money.

Complex: When she sang a song, she wanted some money.

Simple: Going to my native village, Charmothura, I always go to fish in the river.

Complex: When I go to my native village, Charmothura,, I always go to fish in the river.

v  

Simple: Having done this, he went away.

Complex: When he had done this, he went away.

Simple: Having heard the news, she cried out in sorrow.

Complex: When she heard the news, she cried out in sorrow.

Simple: Having forgotten the address of Mr. KolimUddin, he knocked the door of Mrs.Bilkiss.

Complex: When he had forgotten the address of Mr. KolimUddin, he knocked the door of Mrs. Bilkiss.

v  

Simple: We eat to live.

Complex: We eat in order that we may live.

Or, we eat so that we may live.

Simple: We hired a boat to go there.

Complex: We hired a boat in order that we might go there.

Or, We hired a boat so that we might go there.

Simple: We live in houses to be comfortable.

Complex: We live in houses so that we may be comfortable.

Or, We live in houses in order that we may be comfortable.

v  

Simple: Onkur studied hard in order to pass in the first division.

Complex: Onkur studied hard so that he might pass in the first division.

Or, Onkur studied hard in order that he might pass in the first division.

Simple: We eat fruits in order to get vitamins and minerals salts.

Complex: We eat fruits so that we may get vitamins and minerals salts.

Or, We eat fruits in order that we might get vitamins and minerals salts.

Simple: We earn money in order to live a happy life.

Complex: We earn money so that we may live a happy life.

Simple: We went there in order to meet him.

Complex: We went there so that we might meet him.

Or, We went there in order that we might meet him.

v  

Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy.

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Simple: In spite of his bad behavior, people mix with him.

Complex: Though his behavior is bad, people mix with him.

Simple: In spite of his honesty, he is not happy.

Complex: Though he is honest, he is not happy.

v  

Complex: If you study hard, you can pass.

Simple: By studying hard, you can pass.

Complex: If you study hard in regular basis, you can read in relax before the exam.

Simple: By studying hard in regular basis, you can read in relax before the exam.

Complex: If you earn money and save some of them at early age, you can live better life in old age.

Simple: By earning money and saving some of them at early age, you can live better life in old age.

v  

Simple: Your success will make me happy.

Complex: If you succeed, I shall be happy.

Simple: Your arrival here in time will make me glad.

Complex: If you arrive here in time, I shall be glad.

Simple: Rakib, son of Mr. Md. MukterHossainPatwary, is a good boy.

Complex: Rakib, who is the son of Mr. Md. MukterHossainPatwary, is a good boy.

v  

Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed.

Complex: Work hard and (you will) succeed.

Simple: Love others in order to be loved by them.

Complex: Love others and you will be loved by them.

Simple: Drink milk in order to get vitamins.

Complex: Drink and you will get vitamins.

Simple: Do it in order to earn some money.

Complex: Do it and (you will) earn some money.

Simple to Compound

Simple: By eating a balanced diet, we can be healthy.

Compound: We eat a balanced diet and we can be healthy.

Simple: By studying hard you can pass in the first division.

Compound: Study hard and you can pass in the first division.

Compound: Read the newspaper and be wise.

Simple: By reading the newspaper you can be wise.

Or, Read the newspaper in order to be wise.

v  

Compound: Read hard or (otherwise) you will not pass.

Simple: Without reading or (otherwise) you will not pass.

Compound: Love others or you will not be loved by them.

Simple: Without loving others, you cannot (or, will not) be loved by them.

Compound: Be punctual, or you will not prosper in life.

Simple: Without being punctual you cannot prosper.

Compound: Give me 50 taka or you cannot take the book.

Simple: Without giving me 50 taka you cannot take the book.

v  

Simple: You should work hard for success.

Compound: Work hard and (you will) succeed.

Simple: Do it for happiness.

Compound: Do it and (you will) be happy.

Simple: Wear the dress for safety.

Compound: Wear this dress and (you will) remain safe.

Simple: Donate money and (you will) be famous.

Compound: Donate money and wealth for fame.

v  

Compound: He was kicked out from the stage and we were surprised at it.

Simple: We were surprised at his being kicked out from the stage.

Compound: We were sorry for his fell down.

Simple: We were sorry for his falling down.

Compound: She run out of the room and people were astonished at it.

Simple: People were astonished at her running out of the room.

v  

Compound: He is poor but he is honest.

Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest.

Compound: He was rich but he was unhappy.

Simple: In spite of his riches, he was unhappy.

Compound: They are strong but they have been defeated.

Simple: In spite of her desire, she failed.

Compound: We worked hard but we could not succeed.

Simple: In spite of our hard work (or, working hard) we could not succeed.

v  

Simple: I know your intention.

Compound: You have an intention and I know it.

Simple: I have seen your father.

Compound: I have seen him and he is your father.

Simple: I have understood your mistake.

Compound: You have done a mistake and I have understood it.

Simple: With the receipt of the news he started weeping.

Compound: We received the news and started weeping.

Simple: On reaching there we saw everything.

Compound: We reached there and saw everything.

v  

Simple: Going to market he bought a pen.

Compound: He went to market and bought a pen.

Simple: Hearing the news, she started weeping.

Compound: She heard the news and started weeping.

Simple: Buying the apple, he started eating it.

Compound: He bought the apple and started eating it.

Simple: Seeing me, the thief ran away.

Compound: The thief saw me and ran away.

Simple to Complex(Vice versa)

v  

Simple: He was the first boy to win the prize.

Complex: He was the first boy who won the prize.

Complex: Only those who are poor will be given the money.

Simple: Only the poor will be given the money.

Simple: Do not annoy the sleeping dog.

Complex: Do not annoy the dog which is sleeping.

Simple: A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Complex: A stone which is rolling gathers no moss.

From Complex to Compound (Vice versa)

v  

Complex: As soon as we reached there, the rain started.

Compound: We reached there and the rain started at once.

Complex: 1. Hardly had we reached there when the rain started.

2. Scarcely had we reached there when the rain started.

3. No sooner had we reached there than/before the rain started.

Compound: We reached there and the rain started at once.

Compound: She heard the news and started weeping at once.

Complex:

v  

Complex: If you study, you will pass.

Compound: Study and you will pass.

Complex: If you eat a balanced diet, you will remain healthy.

Compound: Eat a balanced diet and you will remain healthy.

Complex: If you do not move, you will die.

Compound: Move or you will die.

Complex: If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.

Compound: If you do not earn money, you will not be able to live better.

v  

Complex: I know that he is honest.

Compound: He is honest and I know it.

Complex: He said that he had gone to Khulna.

Compound: He had gone to Khulna and he said this.

Complex: We saw that the man entered the room.

Compound: The man entered the room and we saw that/it.

Complex: She knew that her husband was honest.

Compound: Her husband was honest and she knew it.

v  

Complex: Though he was poor, he was honest.

Compound: He was poor but (he was) honest.

Complex: Though he came last, he finished first.

Compound: He came last but finished first.

Complex: Though we won the game, we could not win the prize.

Compound: We won the game but (we) could not win the prize.

v  

Complex: We could not go out for a walk as the weather was bad.

Compound:  The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.

Complex: As she was angry with me, she did not talk with me for two days.

Compound: She was angry with me and did not talk with me for two days.

Complex: As he was ill, he could not attend the meeting.

Compound: We could not go out for a walk as the weather was bad.

v  

Complex: The doctor came after the patient had died.

Compound: The patient died and then the doctor came.

Complex: The rain had started before we reached home.

Compound: The rain started and then we reached home.

Complex: We went to the dining room after the work had been completed.

Compound: The work was completed and then we went to the dining room.

Complex: The farmer had ploughed the land before he sowed the seeds.

Compound: The farmer ploughed the land and then he sowed the seeds.

An overall view

v      

Compound: I received the bad news and was sorry.

Complex: I was sorry when I received the bad news.

Simple: I was sorry to receive the bad news.

v  

Simple: Work hard for success.

Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.

Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.

v Complex: The man went away after he had said this.

Compound: The man said this and went away.

Simple: Saying this, the man went away.